DNA methylation dynamics during epigenetic reprogramming in the germline and preimplantation embryos
- 1Developmental Epigenetics and Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 138673 Singapore,;
- 2The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA;
- 3Mammalian Development, Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), A*STAR, 138648 Singapore
Abstract
Methylation of DNA is an essential epigenetic control mechanism in mammals. During embryonic development, cells are directed toward their future lineages, and DNA methylation poses a fundamental epigenetic barrier that guides and restricts differentiation and prevents regression into an undifferentiated state. DNA methylation also plays an important role in sex chromosome dosage compensation, the repression of retrotransposons that threaten genome integrity, the maintenance of genome stability, and the coordinated expression of imprinted genes. However, DNA methylation marks must be globally removed to allow for sexual reproduction and the adoption of the specialized, hypomethylated epigenome of the primordial germ cell and the preimplantation embryo. Recent technological advances in genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and the functional description of novel enzymatic DNA demethylation pathways have provided significant insights into the molecular processes that prepare the mammalian embryo for normal development.
Keywords
Footnotes
-
↵4 Corresponding author
E-mail danielm{at}imcb.a-star.edu.sg
-
Article is online at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.234294.113.
This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see http://genesdev.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
