Washback refers to the influence of language testing on teaching and learning. This volume,
at the important intersection of language testing and teaching practices, presents theoretical…

When cells exit from mitotic cell division, their sister chromatids lose cohesion and separate
to opposite poles of the dividing cell, resulting in equational chromosome segregation. In …

It is often argued that the Japanese university entrance examinations dominate the whole
educational process, including the practice of EFL. However, this type of argument has rarely …

Bub1 is a multi-task protein kinase required for proper chromosome segregation in
eukaryotes. Impairment of Bub1 in humans may lead to chromosomal instability (CIN) or …

Meiosis comprises a pair of specialized nuclear divisions that produce haploid germ cells. To
accomplish this, sister chromatids must segregate together during the first meiotic division (…

For proper partitioning of chromosomes in mitosis, the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC)
including Aurora B and survivin must be localized at the center of paired kinetochores, at …

Cilia and flagella are highly conserved organelles that have diverse roles in cell motility and
sensing extracellular signals. Motility defects in cilia and flagella often result in primary …

Background The growing trend for women to postpone childbearing has resulted in a dramatic
increase in the incidence of trisomic pregnancies. Maternal age-related miscarriage and …

Sister chromatid cohesion, mediated by a complex called cohesin, is crucial—particularly at
centromeres—for proper chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. In animal mitotic …

The molecular controls over meiosis are poorly understood compared with those over mitosis.
Here, we show that S. pombe men, which is essential for the initiation of premeiotic DNA …