Abstract
The retinoblastoma family of proteins, also known as pocket proteins, includes the product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene and the functionally and structurally related proteins p107 and p130. Pocket proteins control growth processes in many cell types, and this has been linked to the ability of pocket proteins to interact with a multitude of cellular proteins that regulate gene expression at various levels. By regulating gene expression, pocket proteins control cell cycle progression, cell cycle entry and exit, cell differentiation and apoptosis. This review will focus on the mechanisms of regulation of pocket proteins and how modulation of pocket protein levels and phosphorylation status regulate association with their cellular targets. The coordinated regulation of pocket proteins provides the cells with a competence mechanism for passage through certain cell growth and differentiation transitions.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Carrier Proteins*
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Cell Cycle Proteins*
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Cell Differentiation / genetics
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Cell Division
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / metabolism
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / physiology
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Cyclins / metabolism
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Cyclins / physiology
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DNA-Binding Proteins*
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E2F Transcription Factors
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Enzyme Activation
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Gene Expression Regulation*
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Histone Deacetylases / physiology
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Humans
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Mice
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Mice, Knockout
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Nuclear Proteins / metabolism
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Nuclear Proteins / physiology*
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Phosphoproteins / metabolism
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Phosphoproteins / physiology*
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Phosphorylation
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Proteins*
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RNA Polymerase I / biosynthesis
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RNA Polymerase III / biosynthesis
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Retinoblastoma Protein / metabolism
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Retinoblastoma Protein / physiology*
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Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1
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Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107
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Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130
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Transcription Factor DP1
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Transcription Factors / genetics
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Transcription Factors / physiology
Substances
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Arid4a protein, mouse
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Carrier Proteins
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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Cyclins
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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E2F Transcription Factors
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Nuclear Proteins
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Phosphoproteins
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Proteins
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RBL1 protein, human
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RBL2 protein, human
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Rbl1 protein, mouse
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Rbl2 protein, mouse
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Retinoblastoma Protein
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Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1
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Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107
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Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130
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Transcription Factor DP1
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Transcription Factors
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
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RNA Polymerase I
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RNA Polymerase III
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Histone Deacetylases