Abstract
Sorafenib, an orally-available kinase inhibitor, is the only standard clinical treatment against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, development of resistance to sorafenib has raised concern in recent years due to the high-level heterogeneity of individual response to sorafenib treatment. The resistance mechanism underlying the impaired sensitivity to sorafenib is still elusive though some researchers have made great efforts. Here, we provide a systemic insight into the potential molecular, cellular and microenvironmental mechanism of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma depending on abundant previous studies and reports.
Keywords:
Acquired resistance; Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); Cancer stem cells (CSCs); Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial transitions (MET); Microenvironment.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
-
Review
MeSH terms
-
Animals
-
Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
-
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use
-
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / drug therapy*
-
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / enzymology
-
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / pathology
-
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm*
-
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / drug effects
-
Humans
-
Liver Neoplasms / drug therapy*
-
Liver Neoplasms / enzymology
-
Liver Neoplasms / pathology
-
Molecular Targeted Therapy
-
Neoplastic Stem Cells / drug effects
-
Neoplastic Stem Cells / enzymology
-
Neoplastic Stem Cells / pathology
-
Niacinamide / analogs & derivatives*
-
Niacinamide / therapeutic use
-
Phenylurea Compounds / therapeutic use*
-
Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
-
Signal Transduction / drug effects*
-
Sorafenib
-
Tumor Microenvironment / drug effects*
Substances
-
Antineoplastic Agents
-
Phenylurea Compounds
-
Protein Kinase Inhibitors
-
Niacinamide
-
Sorafenib