Purpose of review: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that are frequently deregulated in cancer and have shown great potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognostication. Recent studies also support great promise in targeting miRNAs in cancer.
Recent findings: In this review, we will discuss the most important aspects about the use of miRNAs for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in cancer, including current pitfalls and future directions.
Summary: The definitive establishment of miRNAs as biomarkers and as therapeutic targets in cancer will likely have a profound impact on clinical practice and research.