Abstract
Introduction:
Oral field cancerization implies that oral cancer does not arise as an isolated cellular phenomenon but rather as an anaplastic tendency involving many cells at once and results in the multifocal development of cancer at various rates within the entire field in response to a carcinogen especially tobacco. This concept has been frequently used to explain the occurrence of multiple primary cancers and recurrences following complete excision of oral cancer.
Discussion:
This review deals in detail with the origin, principle, various theories used to explain this effect and molecular, genetic, as well as cytogenetic findings related to oral field cancerization. Further, the clinical implications and future research directives are also discussed.
MeSH terms
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Alcohol Drinking / adverse effects
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Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery
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Carcinoma, Verrucous / genetics
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Carcinoma, Verrucous / pathology
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Carcinoma, Verrucous / surgery
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / genetics
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / pathology*
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Clone Cells / pathology
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / genetics
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Humans
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Leukoplakia, Oral / genetics
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Leukoplakia, Oral / pathology
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Leukoplakia, Oral / surgery
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Lip Neoplasms / genetics
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Lip Neoplasms / pathology
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Lip Neoplasms / surgery
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Mouth Mucosa / pathology
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Mouth Neoplasms / genetics
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Mouth Neoplasms / pathology*
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Mouth Neoplasms / surgery
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / genetics
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery
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Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / genetics
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Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / pathology
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Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / surgery
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Precancerous Conditions / genetics
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Precancerous Conditions / pathology*
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Precancerous Conditions / surgery
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Prognosis
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Risk Factors
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Smoking / adverse effects