With 69 years being the median age at diagnosis in the United States, management of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become a common problem faced by the oncology practitioner. We evaluated a biweekly administration of the combination regimen using docetaxel (Sanofi Aventis, Athens) and gemcitabine (Eli Lilly, Athens) in a phase II study (objective response rate, median survival, median response duration and safety). A total of 198 cycles were administered to 38 patients with advanced NSCLC with a median age of 72 years (range 65-85 years). Patients received docetaxel 80 mg/m(2 )and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m (2 )on days 1 and 14 of a 28-day cycle. Twenty patients achieved a partial response (PR) (20/34, 58.8%), 4 patients had stable disease (SD) (4/34, 11.7%) and 10 (10/34, 29.4%) had progressive disease (PD). The median time to disease progression was 3 months (range 1-11 months) with a mean survival of 7 months (range 1-29 months). Hematological and non-hematological toxic effects were generally mild to moderate and manageable: grade 3 neurotoxicity and grade 3 allergy occurred in 5 patients (13.1%) and 1 patient (2.6%), respectively. Peripheral neuropathy, mostly grades 1 and 2, was reported in 29 patients (76.3%), which was seen more frequently in patients >70 years of age (P=0.048).We conclude that the biweekly administration of a docetaxel/gemcitabine combination with G-CSF support constitutes a tolerable and convenient regimen for the treatment of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC, with efficacy similar to that reported in other regimens. Hence, this two-drug combination appears promising and warrants further evaluation.