Drug delivery systems have been developed for cancer therapy in an attempt to increase the tumour drug concentration while limiting systemic exposure. Liposomes have achieved passive targeting of solid tumours through enhanced vascular permeability, which is greatly augmented by hyperthermia. However, anti-tumour efficacy has often been limited by slow release of bioavailable drug within the tumour. Local hyperthermia has become the most widely used stimulus for triggered release of liposomal drugs, through the use of specific lipids, polymers or other modifiers. A temperature-sensitive liposome containing doxorubicin has been shown to release 100% of contents through stabilized membrane pores within 10-20 s at 41 degrees C. This formulation has exhibited dramatic improvements in pre-clinical drug delivery and tumour regression and is now in clinical trials. Significantly, recent studies show that this liposome, in combination with local hyperthermia, exhibits vascular shutdown as a mechanism of anti-tumour effect that is not observed with free doxorubicin.