The investigation of the infertile couple by hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy is currently a highly debated issue. The purpose of this paper is to review whether transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL), a new culdoscopic approach, in combination with minihysteroscopy and chromopertubation test can be offered as a complete one-stop endoscopic exploration. The technique allows complete endoscopic exploration of the reproductive tract in an office or outpatient setting and has been validated during the past years for its accuracy, safety and patient tolerance. Although further prospective randomized studies are required to prove the superiority and cost-benefit of transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy as diagnostic tool in comparison with hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy, the technique can be proposed as a safe first-line investigation predicting the fertility outcome in women.