The aim of this paper is to evaluate the treatment outcome of radiation therapy (RT) for 16 loco-regionally recurrent esophageal cancer patients. Between 1995 and 2004, patients with loco-regional recurrence of esophageal cancer after curative surgery received RT with or without chemotherapy (CTx) at an average total dose of 56.6 Gy (n = 16, REC group). The site of recurrence was the supraclavicular region in three patients, the mediastinal region in nine patients, and both the supraclavicular and mediastinal regions in four patients. We compared the data with those of patients receiving palliative RT with or without CTx for mediastinal relapse, distant metastasis or malignant pleural effusion (n = 39, META group) and with those of patients receiving postoperative RT with or without CTx in a planned fashion 4-6 weeks after esophagectomy (n = 27, PORT group). The median survival period was 13.8 months in the REC group, 3.5 months in the META group, and 19.1 months in the PORT group. The survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 56% and 19% in the REC group, 6% and 3% in the META group (P = 0.0003), and 70% and 43% in the PORT group (P = 0.1917), respectively. According to univariate analysis, the factor of worse prognosis was not found in the REC group. Complete or partial responses were observed in four (25%) and nine (56%) of the REC group patients, respectively. In the REC group, changes in clinical symptoms, such as dysphagia and recurrent nerve paralysis, could be evaluated in eight patients, and improvement in symptoms was obtained in five (63%) patients. The prognosis of patients who received RT for postoperative loco-regional recurrence of esophageal cancer was significantly better than that of the META group patients and compatible with that of the PORT group patients. Additionally, there is symptomatic relief in a substantial proportion of such patients, and long-term survival is possible in some patients.