The aim of this study is to investigate the role of genetic polymorphisms in twelve folate metabolism genes on the risk of lung cancer in Xuan Wei, China, where the lung cancer mortality rate is among the highest and is mainly caused by indoor smoky coal emissions. A total of 122 incident primary lung cancer cases and 122 matched controls were enrolled. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of lung cancer including homozygotes of the C allele of CBS Ala360Ala (OR: 4.02; 95% CI: 1.64-9.87), the 222Val allele of MTHFR (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.34-4.03), and the C allele of SLC19A1 Pro232Pro (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.02-3.28). The distribution of CBS and MTHFR haplotypes differed between cases and controls (P=0.002 and P=0.07, respectively). In summary, three genetic variants in folate metabolism genes are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in Xuan Wei, China.