Abstract
Protein ubiquitination has been implicated in the intracellular biochemical events transduced by TGF-beta receptor via different mechanisms including the degradation of Smads or their binding proteins. Here we show that loss of Itch E3 ligase in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) results in reduced susceptibility of TGF-beta-induced cell growth arrest and decreased phosphorylation of Smad2, without apparent alteration in protein levels for Smad2, Smad4, and Smad7 in Itch-/- MEFs. Itch promotes ubiquitination of Smad2 and augments Smad2 phosphorylation that requires an intact ligase activity of Itch. Moreover, Itch facilitates complex formation between TGF-beta receptor and Smad2 and enhances TGF-beta-induced transcription. This study reveals a previously unrecognized positive TGF-beta signaling pathway via proteolysis-independent ubiquitination.
Copyright 2004 Cell Press
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cell Division / drug effects
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Cell Division / genetics
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Cells, Cultured
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
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Female
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Fetus
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Fibroblasts / metabolism
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Knockout
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Phosphorylation
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Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / physiology*
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Smad2 Protein
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Trans-Activators / metabolism*
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Transcription, Genetic / genetics
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / biosynthesis*
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / genetics
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / pharmacology
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Ubiquitin / metabolism
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / deficiency
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / genetics
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / metabolism*
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Up-Regulation / physiology
Substances
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta
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Smad2 Protein
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Smad2 protein, mouse
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Trans-Activators
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
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Ubiquitin
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Itch protein, mouse
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases