Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF)-C levels were significantly (P<0.05) increased in 24 out of 40 metastatic lymph node lesions of uterine cervical cancers. The prognosis of the 24 patients with increased VEGF-C level in metastatic lymph node lesions was poor and the 24-month survival rate was 38%, while the rate of the 16 patients with no change in VEGF-C level in metastatic lymph node lesions was 81%. There was a significant (P<0.01) difference in the 24-month survival rates between the two groups. This is novel, direct evidence that VEGF-C might contribute to the aggressive lymphangitic metastasis in uterine cervical cancers, and that the increase in VEGF-C level from primary tumour to metastatic lymph node might be a prognostic indicator.