Little has been published about the outcome of patients with recurrent chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. The current study is a review of patients with surgically treated locally recurrent pelvic chondrosarcoma at one institution. Twenty-one patients had surgical resection of recurrent pelvic chondrosarcoma between July 1974 and July 1996. There were nine women and 12 men with a mean age of 46 years (range, 24-67 years) at first recurrence. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 3.3 years and median of 12 years from first (index) recurrence or until death. The mean time to index recurrence was 27 months (range, 5-87 months). In three cases (14%), the tumor at index recurrence was a higher grade than the initial lesion. There were six additional tumors that became a higher grade during subsequent recurrences. Fifteen of the 21 patients (71%) had a second local recurrence. Five patients (24%) had distant metastasis. At death or final followup, 11 patients (52%) had no evidence of disease, two patients (10%) are alive with disease, and eight patients (38%) died of their disease. The three patients with high-grade tumors at index recurrence all died of disease. The treatment of recurrent pelvic chondrosarcoma is a challenging problem. Tumor-free margins may require radical surgery, and the best chance of cure is at the time of initial resection. With aggressive surgical intervention, approximately 50% of patients with recurrent pelvic chondrosarcoma can achieve long-term survival.