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Cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane synthase in non-endocrine and endocrine tumors: A review

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Abstract

Prostaglandins (PG) are members of a large group of hormonally active fatty acids derived from free fatty acids. They are formed from arachidonic acid—the major PG precursor. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 are the rate-limiting steps in PG synthesis. COX-2 is overexpressed in many human non-endocrine and endocrine tumors including colon, breast, prostate, brain, thyroid, and pituitary. COX-2 has an important role in angiogenesis and tumor growth. Thromboxane synthase (TS) catalyzes the synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which is derived from arachidonic acid and prostaglandin H2 and is a vasoconstrictor and inducer of platelet aggregation. TXA2 stimulates tumor growth and spread of some tumors and TS appears to have a critical role in tumorigenesis in some organ systems.

In this review, we examine the role of COX-2 and TS in various non-endocrine tumors, especially colon, breast, prostate, and brain as well as in endocrine tumors. The accumulating evidence points to an increasingly important role of COX-2 and TS in tumor progression and metastasis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 55905, Rochester, MN

    Onder Onguru MD, Mary B. Casey MD, Sabine Kajita MD, PhD, Nobuki Nakamura MD, PhD &  Ricardo V. Lloyd MD, PhD

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  1. Onder Onguru MD
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  2. Mary B. Casey MD
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  3. Sabine Kajita MD, PhD
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  4. Nobuki Nakamura MD, PhD
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  5. Ricardo V. Lloyd MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Ricardo V. Lloyd MD, PhD.

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Onguru, O., Casey, M.B., Kajita, S. et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane synthase in non-endocrine and endocrine tumors: A review. Endocr Pathol 16, 253–277 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1385/EP:16:4:253

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