Chest
Laboratory and Animal InvestigationsVascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Pleural Fluid
Section snippets
Materials and Methods
Between August 1, 1997, and January 30, 1998, we prospectively studied 70 consecutive patients who underwent thoracentesis under ultrasound guidance in the Department of Radiology. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Saint Thomas Hospital, and before the thoracentesis all patients signed an informed consent.
Standard definitions were used for identifying the cause of the pleural effusion.14 A pleural effusion was said to be caused by congestive heart failure if the
Results
The diagnoses and the pleural fluid characteristics of the 70 patients studied are summarized in Table 1. The most common diagnosis, surprisingly, was pleural effusion after CABG. This hospital, however, performs > 2,500 CABG surgeries annually.
The distribution of the pleural fluid VEGF levels varied among groups (Fig 1). Patients with congestive heart failure had the lowest pleural fluid VEGF levels whereas the patients with malignancy had the highest levels, and the patients after CABG
Discussion
The results of the present study demonstrate that VEGF is present in pleural fluid with marked variation in its levels. The median level of VEGF in patients with congestive heart failure was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (150 pg/mL) than the median level in patients after CABG (357 pg/mL), which in turn was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the median level in the patients with malignancy (1,097 pg/mL). Overall, there was much overlap in the pleural fluid VEGF levels from category to
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Supported in part by Saint Thomas Foundation, Nashville, TN.