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DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF LUNG CANCER: ACCP GUIDELINES (2ND EDITION)Epidemiology of Lung Cancer: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (2nd Edition)
Section snippets
Materials and Methods
A narrative review of published evidence on the epidemiology of lung cancer was conducted. Key reports that described the occurrence of lung cancer in populations and factors that affect lung cancer risk were identified. This was accomplished using a combination of approaches that included cataloguing reports from the authors' files and augmented with MEDLINE searches. The MEDLINE searches included a term for “lung cancer” along with additional terms for various exposures that have been studied
Survival
The 5-year relative survival rate for lung cancer for the period of 1995 to 2001 was 15.7%, reflecting a steady but slow improvement from 12.5% from 1974 to 1976.20 The 5-year relative survival rate varies markedly depending on the stage at diagnosis, from 49 to 16 to 2% for local, regional, and distant stage disease, respectively.20 Stage at diagnosis accounts for the most marked variation in prognosis, but patient characteristics associated with poorer survival also include being older, male,
Conclusions
The path to preventing lung cancer is charted by the identification of numerous exposures that are causally associated with lung cancer. If steps can be taken to reduce or eliminate the exposure to these agents, then this would be expected to reduce the risk for lung cancer. Preventive strategies can be pursued in the public policy arena or in public health interventions directed at individual behavior. Cigarette smoking provides a useful example to illustrate the multiple levels that can form
Acknowledgment
We thank Elisa Mundis and Charlotte Gerczak for assistance in the preparation of this article.
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