Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical Significance of BMP7 in Human Colorectal Cancer

  • Gastrointestinal Oncology
  • Published:
Annals of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted signaling molecules belonging to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. Recent studies demonstrated that the expression patterns of BMPs are altered in several tumors. The purpose of the current study was to examine the expression of BMP7 in malignant and normal colorectal tissues, and to analyze whether BMP7 expression levels correlate with clinicopathological variables and prognosis in colorectal cancer.

Methods

Paired colorectal tissue samples from cancer and corresponding nonmalignant tissues were obtained from 65 patients who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer. The expression status of BMP7 mRNA was investigated by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein expression was analyzed by an immunohistochemical study.

Results

Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that BMP7 mRNA expression in cancerous tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue (p < 0.0001). An immunohistochemical study revealed that BMP7 was predominantly expressed in cancer cells. Elevated BMP7 expression was significantly correlated with depth of tumor invasion, liver metastasis, liver recurrence, advanced Dukes’ classification, and cancer-related death (p < 0.05, 0.001, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, patients with the highest levels of BMP7 expression showed the poorest prognosis (p < 0.01). A multivariate analysis showed that BMP7 expression status was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (relative risk, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–5.30; p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Expression of BMP7 in colorectal tumors correlates with parameters of pathological aggressiveness such as liver metastasis and poor prognosis. Thus, BMP7 could be a useful clinical marker for colorectal cancer patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Messerini L, Cianchi F, Cortesini C, et al. Incidence and prognostic significance of occult tumor cells in lymph nodes from patients with stage IIA colorectal carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2006;37:1259–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Shih W, Chetty R, Tsao MS. Expression profiling by microarrays in colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2005;13:517–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Tsukuma H, Ajiki W, Oshima A. [Cancer incidence in Japan]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2004;31:840–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Weitz J, Koch M, Debus J, Hohler T, et al. Colorectal cancer. Lancet 2005;365:153–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Roberts RB, Arteaga CL, Threadgill DW. Modeling the cancer patient with genetically engineered mice: prediction of toxicity from molecule-targeted therapies. Cancer Cell 2004;5:115–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ohmachi T, Tanaka F, Mimori K, et al. Clinical significance of TROP2 expression in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:3057–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Williams NS, Gaynor RB, Scoggin S, et al. Identification and validation of genes involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer using cDNA microarrays and RNA interference. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:931–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ichikawa Y, Ishikawa T, Takahashi S, et al. Identification of genes regulating colorectal carcinogenesis by using the algorithm for diagnosing malignant state method. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002;296:497–506.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kawabata M, Imamura T, Miyazono K. Signal transduction by bone morphogenetic proteins. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 1998;9:49–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hogan BL. Bone morphogenetic proteins in development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1996;6:432–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Urist MR. Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science 1965;150:893–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Celeste AJ, Iannazzi JA, Taylor RC, et al. Identification of transforming growth factor beta family members present in bone-inductive protein purified from bovine bone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:9843–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Miyazono K, Kusanagi K, Inoue H. Divergence and convergence of TGF-beta/BMP signaling. J Cell Physiol 2001;187:265–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ducy P, Karsenty G. The family of bone morphogenetic proteins. Kidney Int 2000;57:2207–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Graff JM. Embryonic patterning: to BMP or not to BMP, that is the question. Cell 1997;89:171–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ebendal T, Bengtsson H, Soderstrom S. Bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors: potential functions in the brain. J Neurosci Res 1998;51:139–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wozney JM. The bone morphogenetic protein family: multifunctional cellular regulators in the embryo and adult. Eur J Oral Sci 1998;106:160–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mimori K, Mori M, Shiraishi T, et al. Clinical significance of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase expression in gastric carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1997;76:531–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mori M, Mimori K, Yoshikawa Y, et al. Analysis of the gene-expression profile regarding the progression of human gastric carcinoma. Surgery 2002;131:S39–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ogawa K, Utsunomiya T, Mimori K, et al. Clinical significance of elongation factor-1 delta mRNA expression in oesophageal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2004;91:282–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mantel N. Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration. Cancer Chemother Rep 1966;50:163–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gobbi G, Sangiorgi L, Lenzi L, et al. Seven BMPs and all their receptors are simultaneously expressed in osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol 2002;20:143–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Rothhammer T, Poser I, Soncin F, et al. Bone morphogenic proteins are overexpressed in malignant melanoma and promote cell invasion and migration. Cancer Res 2005;65:448–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Alarmo EL, Rauta J, Kauraniemi P, et al. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 is widely overexpressed in primary breast cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006;45:411–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Alarmo EL, Kuukasjarvi T, Karhu R, et al. A comprehensive expression survey of bone morphogenetic proteins in breast cancer highlights the importance of BMP4 and BMP7. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006.

  26. Masuda H, Fukabori Y, Nakano K, et al. Increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7 in bone metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 2003;54:268–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hibbs K, Skubitz KM, Pambuccian SE, et al. Differential gene expression in ovarian carcinoma: identification of potential biomarkers. Am J Pathol 2004;165:397–414.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sunde JS, Donninger H, Wu K, et al. Expression profiling identifies altered expression of genes that contribute to the inhibition of transforming growth factor-{beta} signaling in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2006;66:8404–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bobinac D, Maric I, Zoricic S, et al. Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in human metastatic prostate and breast cancer. Croat Med J 2005;46:389–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Sulzbacher I, Birner P, Trieb K, et al. The expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in osteosarcoma and its relevance as a prognostic parameter. J Clin Pathol 2002;55:381–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Yang S, Zhong C, Frenkel B, et al. Diverse biological effect and SMAD signaling of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in prostate tumor cells. Cancer Res 2005;65:5769–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Deng H, Makizumi R, Ravikumar TS, et al. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 is overexpressed in colonic adenocarcinomas and promotes migration and invasion of HCT116 cells. Exp Cell Res 2007.

  33. Grijelmo C, Rodrigue C, Svrcek M, et al. Proinvasive activity of BMP-7 through SMAD4/src-independent and ERK/Rac/JNK-dependent signaling pathways in colon cancer cells. Cell Signal 2007;19:1722–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Pessaux P, Lermite E, Brehant O, et al. Repeat hepatectomy for recurrent colorectal liver metastases. J Surg Oncol 2006;93:1–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Talbot IC, Ritchie S, Leighton MH, et al. The clinical significance of invasion of veins by rectal cancer. Br J Surg 1980;67:439–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Minsky BD, Mies C, Rich TA, et al. Potentially curative surgery of colon cancer: the influence of blood vessel invasion. J Clin Oncol 1988;6:119–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Inoue T, Mori M, Shimono R, et al. Vascular invasion of colorectal carcinoma readily visible with certain stains. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:34–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Beck SE, Jung BH, Fiorino A, et al. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling and growth suppression in colon cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;291:G135–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Presented in part at The Society of Surgical Oncology 60th Annual Cancer Symposium, March 15–18, 2007, Washington, DC. This work was supported in part by Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (grant numbers 17109013, 18390367, 18590333, 18659384, 18890133, 18015039, 19390336, and 19591509). We thank T. Shimooka, K. Ogata, M. Oda, M. Kasagi, and Y. Nakagawa for excellent technical assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Surgical Oncology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 4546 Tsurumibaru, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan

    Kazuo Motoyama MD, Fumiaki Tanaka MD, PhD, Yoshimasa Kosaka MD, Koshi Mimori MD, PhD, Hiroshi Inoue MD, PhD & Masaki Mori MD, PhD, FACS

  2. Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan

    Kazuo Motoyama MD, Hiroyuki Uetake MD, PhD & Kenichi Sugihara MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Kazuo Motoyama MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fumiaki Tanaka MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yoshimasa Kosaka MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Koshi Mimori MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hiroyuki Uetake MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hiroshi Inoue MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Kenichi Sugihara MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Masaki Mori MD, PhD, FACS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masaki Mori MD, PhD, FACS.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Motoyama, K., Tanaka, F., Kosaka, Y. et al. Clinical Significance of BMP7 in Human Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 15, 1530–1537 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-007-9746-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-007-9746-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation