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Effects of vitamin B6 metabolism on oncogenesis, tumor progression and therapeutic responses

Oncogene volume 32, pages 4995–5004 (2013)Cite this article

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Abstract

Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP), the bioactive form of vitamin B6, reportedly functions as a prosthetic group for >4% of classified enzymatic activities of the cell. It is therefore not surprising that alterations of vitamin B6 metabolism have been associated with multiple human diseases. As a striking example, mutations in the gene coding for antiquitin, an evolutionary old aldehyde dehydrogenase, result in pyridoxine-dependent seizures, owing to the accumulation of a metabolic intermediate that inactivates PLP. In addition, PLP is required for the catabolism of homocysteine by transsulfuration. Hence, reduced circulating levels of B6 vitamers (including PLP as well as its major precursor pyridoxine) are frequently paralleled by hyperhomocysteinemia, a condition that has been associated with an increased risk for multiple cardiovascular diseases. During the past 30 years, an intense wave of clinical investigation has attempted to dissect the putative links between vitamin B6 and cancer. Thus, high circulating levels of vitamin B6, as such or as they reflected reduced amounts of circulating homocysteine, have been associated with improved disease outcome in patients bearing a wide range of hematological and solid neoplasms. More recently, the proficiency of vitamin B6 metabolism has been shown to modulate the adaptive response of tumor cells to a plethora of physical and chemical stress conditions. Moreover, elevated levels of pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), the enzyme that converts pyridoxine and other vitamin B6 precursors into PLP, have been shown to constitute a good, therapy-independent prognostic marker in patients affected by non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Here, we will discuss the clinical relevance of vitamin B6 metabolism as a prognostic factor in cancer patients.

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Abbreviations

BCG:

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin

MTHFR:

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

NSCLC:

non-small cell lung carcinoma

PDXK:

pyridoxal kinase

PDXP:

pyridoxal phosphatase

PL:

pyridoxal

PLP:

pyridoxal-5′-phosphate

PM:

pyridoxamine

PMP:

pyridoxamine-5′-phosphate

PN:

pyridoxine

PNP:

pyridoxine-5′-phosphate

TS:

thymidylate synthase.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the valuable help of Federico Pietrocola for the compilation of Table 1. The authors are supported by the European Commission (ArtForce); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR); Ligue contre le Cancer (Equipe labellisée); Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM); Institut National du Cancer (INCa); LabEx Immuno-Oncologie; Fondation de France; Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller; AXA Chair for Longevity Research; Cancéropôle Ile-de-France and Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI).

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  1. L Galluzzi and G Kroemer: These authors share senior co-authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

    L Galluzzi & G Kroemer

  2. Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

    L Galluzzi, E Vacchelli, J Michels, P Garcia, O Kepp, L Senovilla & I Vitale

  3. Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Paris, France

    E Vacchelli, J Michels, P Garcia, O Kepp, L Senovilla & I Vitale

  4. INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France

    E Vacchelli, J Michels, P Garcia, O Kepp, L Senovilla, I Vitale & G Kroemer

  5. Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France

    G Kroemer

  6. Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France

    G Kroemer

  7. Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

    G Kroemer

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Galluzzi, L., Vacchelli, E., Michels, J. et al. Effects of vitamin B6 metabolism on oncogenesis, tumor progression and therapeutic responses. Oncogene 32, 4995–5004 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2012.623

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