The human tumor microenvironment: invasive (needle) measurement of oxygen and interstitial fluid pressure☆
Section snippets
Technical considerations
Polarographic electrode measurements of tumor oxygenation have now been described for a number of human malignancies, including breast, cervix, head and neck, pancreatic, prostate and vulvar carcinomas, as well as soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities and central nervous system tumors.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 These measurements have provided valuable information about the behavior of human malignancies, and electrode-based techniques remain the gold standard for assessing
Pathophysiology
The IFP in most normal tissues is close to atmospheric pressure but significantly elevated in most solid malignant tumors. Values in the range of 10 to 100 mm Hg have been documented in a variety of human malignancies.4, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 The pathophysiology of elevated IFP has been extensively studied using mathematical models of transcapillary and interstitial fluid flow47, 48, 49, 50 and experiments in animal tumors.50, 51, 52, 53, 54
IFP is elevated in tumors as a result of both the
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2021, Advanced Drug Delivery ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Notably, the neovasculature produced in tumor presents some abnormalities (e.g. absent or incomplete basement membranes and endothelial cell layers) [17–19], making them hyper-permeable [20]. Such abnormal new vessels, meanwhile, show low resistance to lymphatics flow but high resistance to capillary blood flow [21,22], resulting in a net outflow of fluid into the surrounding inter-tissue space in the solid tumor. The lack of functional lymphatics in the tumor further increases fluid accumulation, distends the elastic extracellular matrix, increases interstitial pressure, and reduces fluid movement through the interstitium [22].
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Supported in part by the National Cancer Institute of Canada with funds from the Terry Fox Run.