Impact of HPV E5 on viral life cycle via EGFR signaling
Section snippets
Introduction to HPV E5
During its lifetime, a virus evolves in many ways to overcome the obstacles that stand in the way of a persistent infection. Human Papillomavirus (HPV), like any other virus has evolved successfully to overcome many "obstacles" that the host body provides. Papillomavirus life cycle is inseparably linked to the differentiation program of the host cell, the keratinocyte [1]. The ability of HPV to replicate its genome in replication incompetent differentiating keratinocytes is a major triumph of
Oncogenic potential of E5
Previously E5 was considered to exert its effects mainly through interactions with host proteins. In actual fact, 16E5 expression in vitro has been observed to condition the expression of 25–179 cellular genes depending on the type of cell and conditions of the experiment [26,27]. Over the last few decades, various studies reported E5's ability to temper variety of cellular pathways. Principally, E5 involvement has been seen in the activation and enhancement of the epidermal growth factor
Summary
Human papillomavirus infect stratified squamous epithelium and their life cycle is inseparably connected to the differentiation program of keratinocytes. Thus for the virus to thrive in such an environment it has evolved in various ways and stimulating positive regulation of EGFR signaling by E5 is one of the many ways. Elucidating the mechanisms employed by viral E5 to thwart negative regulation of growth factor signaling may point out new strategies to prevent progression of HPV induced
Declaration of competing interest
No conflict of interest is declared by the authors.
Acknowledgements
We are obliged to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and the recurring budget of ASAB provided by NUST for providing us the opportunity to conduct this review.
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Advances in molecular mechanism of HPV16 E5 oncoprotein carcinogenesis
2023, Archives of Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe impact of HPV infection on human glycogen and lipid metabolism – a review
2022, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Reviews on CancerCitation Excerpt :Crusius et al. reported that in HaCaT cells transfected with the HPV16 E5 gene, the degree of EGFR phosphorylation increases, however, the phenomenon only occurs in the presence of ligand [125]. Moreover, in fibroblasts overexpressing EGFR, E5 induces anchorage-independent growth [123]. Activation of EGFR triggers a signal cascade, activating ERK/MAPK, JAK/STAT, PKC and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways [94].
A review on the role of epidermal growth factor signaling in the development, progression and treatment of cervical cancer
2022, International Journal of Biological MacromoleculesCitation Excerpt :These two factors collectively compound the development of CC [2]. Several studies portray a crucial role for the co-existence of EGFR overexpression and HPV infection [3]. The increased CC progression is recently attributed to E6 an oncoprotein produced by HPV mediated activation of JNK (c-Jun N terminal Kinase) and EGFR signaling [4].
BAP31: Physiological functions and roles in disease
2021, BiochimieCitation Excerpt :The association of E5 with BAP31 has been found to play a role in enabling this [55]. The mechanism is unknown, but it could be hypothesized to involve EGFR, since this receptor has been implicated in both BAP31-mediated and E5-mediated proliferation [68,212], and since the five C-terminal most residues of E5 are important both for binding to BAP31 [55], and for promoting EGFR over-activation [213]. PLP2 binds both E5 and BAP31, and negatively modulates their ability to sustain proliferation, which may play a role in regulating the timing of viral replication [214].
Human Papillomavirus and Medicinal Plants/Herbs: A Perspective
2024, Promising Antiviral Herbal and Medicinal Plants
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Present address: Abasyn University, Peshawar.