Elsevier

Bioelectrochemistry

Volume 110, August 2016, Pages 1-12
Bioelectrochemistry

Effects of high voltage nanosecond electric pulses on eukaryotic cells (in vitro): A systematic review

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.02.011Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • We systematically reviewed effects of nanosecond electric pulses on cells in vitro.

  • Previously published data were statistically analyzed to consolidate the knowledge.

  • Plasma membrane is more affected with longer pulses than with short.

  • Descriptions of electric fields in electroporation studies should be more precise.

Abstract

For this systematic review, 203 published reports on effects of electroporation using nanosecond high-voltage electric pulses (nsEP) on eukaryotic cells (human, animal, plant) in vitro were analyzed. A field synopsis summarizes current published data in the field with respect to publication year, cell types, exposure configuration, and pulse duration. Published data were analyzed for effects observed in eight main target areas (plasma membrane, intracellular, apoptosis, calcium level and distribution, survival, nucleus, mitochondria, stress) and an additional 107 detailed outcomes. We statistically analyzed effects of nsEP with respect to three pulse duration groups: A: 1–10 ns, B: 11–100 ns and C: 101–999 ns. The analysis confirmed that the plasma membrane is more affected with longer pulses than with short pulses, seen best in uptake of dye molecules after applying single pulses. Additionally, we have reviewed measurements of nsEP and evaluations of the electric fields to which cells were exposed in these reports, and we provide recommendations for assessing nanosecond pulsed electric field effects in electroporation studies.

Abbreviations

nsEP
nanosecond electric pulses
FWHM
full width at half maximum
PI
propidium iodide
TB
trypan blue
EtH
ethidium homodimer
YOPRO
YO-PRO®-1 iodide
FITC
fluorescein isothiocyanate
GFP
green fluorescent protein
PEG
polyethylene glycol
PM
plasma membrane
SEM
scanning electron microscope
TDDS
time domain dielectric spectroscopy
TDR
time domain reflectometry
ER
endoplasmic reticulum
PARP
poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
PS
phosphatidylserine
Tl+
thallium ion
Ca2 +
calcium ion
BAPTA
1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid)
EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EGTA
ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid
ROS
reactive oxygen species
MAPK
mitogen-activated protein kinase
AMPK
AMP-activated protein kinase
cyt c
cytochrome c

Keywords

Electroporation
Nanosecond electric pulses
Systematic review
Cells

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