Review
ER stress-induced cell death mechanisms

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.028Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • ER-mediated cell death mechanisms

  • Cross-talk of ER stress and autophagy.

  • Involvement of ER stress in diseases.

Abstract

The endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress response constitutes a cellular process that is triggered by a variety of conditions that disturb folding of proteins in the ER. Eukaryotic cells have developed an evolutionarily conserved adaptive mechanism, the unfolded protein response (UPR), which aims to clear unfolded proteins and restore ER homeostasis. In cases where ER stress cannot be reversed, cellular functions deteriorate, often leading to cell death. Accumulating evidence implicates ER stress-induced cellular dysfunction and cell death as major contributors to many diseases, making modulators of ER stress pathways potentially attractive targets for therapeutics discovery. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding the diversity of molecular mechanisms that govern ER stress signaling in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Section entitled: Cell Death Pathways. Guest Editors: Frank Madeo and Slaven Stekovic.

Abbreviations

AGE
advanced glycated end-products
ALS
amyotropic lateral sclerosis
AMD
age-related macular degeneration
ARE
antioxidant response elements
ASK1
apoptotic-signaling kinase-1
ATF4
activating transcription factor 4
ATF6
activating transcription factor 6
BAG
Bcl-2 associated athanogene
BAR
bifunctional apoptosis regulator
BI-1
bax-inhibitor 1
BiP
binding immunoglobulin protein
CMV
cytomegalovirus
CASR
calcium-sensing receptor
CHOP
transcriptional factor C/EBP homologous protein
CRE
ATF/cAMP response elements
DRP-1
dynamin-related protein
elF2α
eukaryotic translation initiation factor
ER
endoplasmic reticulum
ERAD
ER-assisted degradation
ERO1α
endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase-1
ERSE
ER stress-response element
GADD34
growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 34
HCV
hepatitis C virus
HFD
high fat diet
HO-1
heme oxygenase 1
HSV
herpes simplex virus
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
IEC
intestinal epithelial cells
IP3R
inositol triphosphate receptor
IRE1α
inositol-requiring protein-1
JNK
Jun-N-terminal kinase
MEF
mouse embryonic fibroblast
MHC
major histocompatibility complex
NLRP
NOD-like receptor, (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing
NRF2
nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2
PDIA6
protein disulfide isomerase associated 6
PERK
protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase
PKC
protein kinase C
RIDD
regulated IRE1-dependent decay of mRNA
RP
retinitis pigmentosa
SNP
single nucleotide polymorphism
TAP1
ER antigen peptide transporter 1
T2DM
type 2 diabetes
TLR
toll-like receptor
TXNIP
thioredoxin-interacting protein
UPR
unfolded protein response
VEGF
vascular endothelial growth factor
XBP-1
X box-binding protein-1

Keywords

ER Stress
Cell death mechanisms
Diseases

Cited by (0)

This article is part of a Special Section entitled: Cell Death Pathways. Guest Editors: Frank Madeo and Slaven Stekovic.