The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Aromatase gene expression and its exon I usage in human breast tumors. Detection of aromatase messenger RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
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Obesity and breast cancer – Role of estrogens and the molecular underpinnings of aromatase regulation in breast adipose tissue
2018, Molecular and Cellular EndocrinologyCitation Excerpt :As a result of the promoter switch, the regulation of estrogen production changes from one controlled primarily by glucocorticoids and cytokines to a regulation controlled by inflammatory factors. Some studies have confirmed predominance of PI.3/II usage over PI.4 in breast cancer tissues (Agarwal et al., 1996; Zhou et al., 1996). In addition to an increase in total aromatase mRNA levels in tumor tissue compared to breast normal tissue in a study conducted on 108 female samples, Irahara et al. reported that the percentage of promoter I.4 usage was significantly lower in tumor tissue than in normal breast tissue (Irahara et al., 2006).
Structural and functional characterization of aromatase, estrogen receptor, and their genes in endocrine-responsive and -resistant breast cancer cells
2016, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAromatase induction in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer: Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent CREB activation
2014, Cancer LettersCitation Excerpt :Our findings imply that PI3K/Akt-dependent CREB activation is required for aromatase up-regulation in TAM-resistant breast cancer. Aromatase expression and estrogen levels are frequently elevated in breast cancer tissue compared to normal mammary tissue [11,34–37]. Up-regulation of aromatase is believed to stimulate breast cancer growth in either an autocrine or paracrine manner [38].
Aromatase, breast cancer and obesity: A complex interaction
2012, Trends in Endocrinology and MetabolismCitation Excerpt :Thus, large numbers of estrogen-producing adipose fibroblasts are maintained proximal to malignant cells [43,68] (Figure 2). It has been demonstrated that the use of the proximal promoter I.3/II region accounts for the majority of in vivo aromatase expression in adipose tissue that is located adjacent to breast cancer, and in breast cancer tissue [24,45,46]. In vitro, treatment of undifferentiated adipose fibroblasts with cell-conditioned media derived from malignant breast epithelia was found to induce aromatase expression [43].
Growth factor signaling enhances aromatase activity of breast cancer cells via post-transcriptional mechanisms
2011, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCitation Excerpt :It has been proved that the estrogen concentration is much higher in the breast tumor tissue than it in the normal breast tissue. Several studies demonstrated that aromatase, the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of estrogen, is highly expressed in breast cancer tissue as quantified by RT-PCR [4,7,8,11]. Multiple factors attribute to the increase of aromatase expression, such as cytokines, growth factors and PGE2 produced by the COX enzyme at the cancer tissue.