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Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Paclitaxel Monotherapy: An Updated Literature Review

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Abstract

Paclitaxel is an anticancer agent efficacious in the treatment of ovarian, breast, and lung cancer. Due to a strong link between the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel, we reviewed the literature on paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. Systematic data mining was performed to extract the maximum concentration (C max), clearance (CL), and time of paclitaxel plasma concentration above 0.05 µmol/L (T > 0.05 µmol/L) following monotherapy of both the widely used cremophor-diluted paclitaxel and nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab-)paclitaxel. We identified a total of 53 studies yielding 121 aggregated pharmacokinetic profiles for paclitaxel monotherapy and extracted reported mean and median estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters. Paclitaxel has been studied formally at doses of 15–825 mg/m2 and infused over 0.5–96 h; included studies examined both weekly and every 3-weeks dosing cycles. The most widely used dose of cremophor-diluted paclitaxel, 175 mg/m2 given as a 3-h infusion, leads to an interstudy median C max of 5.1 µmol/L [interquartile range (IQR) 4.5–5.7], CL of 12.0 L/h/m2 (IQR 10.9–12.9), and T > 0.05 µmol/L of 23.8 h (IQR 21.5–26.8). Importantly, the significant interindividual variation widely reported in the literature is not reflected in these interstudy estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters. Cremophor-diluted paclitaxel pharmacokinetics are non-linear following short (<6 h) but not long (>24 h) infusions. A similar pattern of non-linearity was observed for nab-paclitaxel, although the number of studies was limited. The pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel monotherapy have been widely studied at numerous dose levels of the Cremophor EL® formulation, but are less well-characterized for the newer nab-paclitaxel formulation. In conclusion, paclitaxel pharmacokinetics are non-linear for short infusion times but not for longer infusions. Whether a similar conclusion can be drawn for nab-paclitaxel formulations requires further study.

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Author notes

  1. Tore B. Stage and Troels K. Bergmann contributed equally to this manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Tore B. Stage & Deanna L. Kroetz

  2. Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

    Tore B. Stage

  3. Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

    Troels K. Bergmann

  4. Hospital Pharmacy, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

    Troels K. Bergmann

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  1. Tore B. Stage
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Correspondence to Tore B. Stage.

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Financial support for this study was provided by the Danish Research Council of Independent Research | Medical Sciences (DFF-5053-00042), the A.P. Møller Foundation for the Advancement of Medical Science, and the National Institutes of Health (1R01 CA192156).

Conflicts of interest

Tore B. Stage, Troels K. Bergmann, and Deanna L. Kroetz have no conflicts of interest.

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Stage, T.B., Bergmann, T.K. & Kroetz, D.L. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Paclitaxel Monotherapy: An Updated Literature Review. Clin Pharmacokinet 57, 7–19 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-017-0563-z

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