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MicroRNAs involved in chemo- and radioresistance of high-grade gliomas

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Tumor Biology

Abstract

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are malignant primary brain tumors of glial cell origin. Despite optimal course of treatment, including maximal surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemo- and/or radiotherapy, the prognosis still remains poor. The main reason is the commonly occurring chemo- and radioresistance of these tumors. In recent years, several signaling pathways, especially PI3K/AKT and ATM/CHK2/p53, have been linked to the resistance of gliomas. Moreover, additional studies have shown that these pathways are significantly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), short endogenous RNA molecules that modulate gene expression and control many biological processes including apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle, invasivity, and angiogenesis. MiRNAs are not only highly deregulated in gliomas, their expression signatures have also been shown to predict prognosis and therapy response. Therefore, they present promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets that might overcome the resistance to treatment and improve prognosis of glioma patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the functional role of miRNAs in gliomas resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by grants of Internal Grant Agency of the Czech Ministry of Health no. NT13514-4/2012 and NT11214-4/2010; project “CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology” (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068); and by the Institutional Resources for Supporting the Research Organization provided by the Czech Ministry of Health in 2012. The authors would like to thank Martin Kolnik for proofreading the article.

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  1. Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic

    Andrej Besse, Jiri Sana & Ondrej Slaby

  2. Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

    Andrej Besse, Jiri Sana & Ondrej Slaby

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

    Pavel Fadrus

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Besse, A., Sana, J., Fadrus, P. et al. MicroRNAs involved in chemo- and radioresistance of high-grade gliomas. Tumor Biol. 34, 1969–1978 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-013-0772-5

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