Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

A Potential Role for Green Tea as a Radiation Sensitizer for Prostate Cancer

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Pathology & Oncology Research

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in the United States. There is currently a lack of safe and effective radiosensitizers that can enhance the effectiveness of radiation treatment (RT) for Pca. Clonogenic assay, PCNA staining, Quick Cell Proliferation assay, TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity assay were used to assess proliferation and apoptosis in DU145 Pca cells. RT-PCR/IHC were used to investigate the mechanisms. We found that the percentage of colonies, PCNA staining intensity, and the optical density value of DU145 cells were decreased (RT/GT vs. RT). TUNEL + cells and the relative caspase-3 activity were increased (RT/GT vs. RT). Compared to RT, the anti-proliferative effect of RT/GT correlated with increased expression of the anti-proliferative molecule p16. Compared to RT, the pro-apoptotic effect of RT/GT correlated with decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2. GT enhances RT sensitivity of DU145 by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2017) Cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin 67(1):7–30. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21387

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bernard W, Christopher P (2014) World cancer report 2014. International Agency for Research on Cancer. World Health Organization, Lyon, France

    Google Scholar 

  3. Zhang S, Shan L, Li Q, Wang X, Li S, Zhang Y, Fu J, Liu X, Li H, Zhang W (2014) Systematic analysis of the multiple bioactivities of green tea through a network pharmacology approach. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014:512081. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/512081

  4. Fang Y, DeMarco VG, Nicholl MB (2012) Resveratrol enhances radiation sensitivity in prostate cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell senescence and apoptosis. Cancer Sci 103(6):1090–1098

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Davalli P, Rizzi F, Caporali A, Pellacani D, Davoli S, Bettuzzi S, Brausi M, D’Arca D (2012) Anticancer activity of green tea polyphenols in prostate gland. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2012:984219. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/984219

  6. Liang X, Gao J, Sun X, Zhu L, Jia Y, Gu Y, Han C, Zhang X, Hou S (2013) [Tea polyphenols inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer DU145 cells]. Zhonghua nan ke xue=. Natl J Androl 19(6):495–500

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kwak TW, Park SB, Kim H-J, Jeong Y-I, Kang DH (2017) Anticancer activities of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against cholangiocarcinoma cells. OncoTargets Ther 10:137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Naponelli V, Ramazzina I, Lenzi C, Bettuzzi S, Rizzi F (2017) Green tea Catechins for prostate cancer prevention: present achievements and future challenges. Antioxidants 6(2):26

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Oya Y, Mondal A, Rawangkan A, Umsumarng S, Iida K, Watanabe T, Kanno M, Suzuki K, Li Z, Kagechika H, Shudo K, Fujiki H, Suganuma M (2017) Down-regulation of histone deacetylase 4, −5 and −6 as a mechanism of synergistic enhancement of apoptosis in human lung cancer cells treated with the combination of a synthetic retinoid, Am80 and green tea catechin. J Nutr Biochem 42:7–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.015

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Tsai Y-J, Chen B-H (2016) Preparation of catechin extracts and nanoemulsions from green tea leaf waste and their inhibition effect on prostate cancer cell PC-3. Int J Nanomedicine 11:1907

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Henning SM, Aronson W, Niu Y, Conde F, Lee NH, Seeram NP, Lee R-P, Lu J, Harris DM, Moro A (2006) Tea polyphenols and theaflavins are present in prostate tissue of humans and mice after green and black tea consumption. J Nutr 136(7):1839–1843

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fang Y, Bradley MJ, Cook KM, Herrick EJ, Nicholl MB (2013) A potential role for resveratrol as a radiation sensitizer for melanoma treatment. J Surg Res 183(2):645–653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fang Y, Braley-Mullen H (2008) Cultured murine thyroid epithelial cells expressing transgenic Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1β converting enzyme inhibitory protein are protected from Fas-mediated apoptosis. Endocrinology 149(7):3321–3329

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Fang Y, Sharp GC, Braley-Mullen H (2008) Interleukin-10 promotes resolution of granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Am J Pathol 172(6):1591–1602

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Fang Y, Wei Y, DeMarco V, Chen K, Sharp GC, Braley-Mullen H (2007) Murine FLIP transgene expressed on thyroid epithelial cells promotes resolution of granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in DBA/1 mice. Am J Pathol 170(3):875–887

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Fang Y, Moore BJ, Bai Q, Cook KM, Herrick EJ, Nicholl MB (2013) Hydrogen peroxide enhances radiation-induced apoptosis and inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation. Anticancer Res 33(5):1799–1807

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fang Y, Herrick EJ, Nicholl MB (2012) A possible role for perforin and Granzyme B in resveratrol-enhanced Radiosensitivity of prostate cancer. J Androl 33(4):752–760

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Fang Y, Sharp GC, Yagita H, Braley-Mullen H (2008) A critical role for TRAIL in resolution of granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. J Pathol 216(4):505–513

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Dulaney CR, Osula DO, Yang ES, Rais-Bahrami S (2016) Prostate radiotherapy in the era of advanced imaging and precision medicine. Prostate. Cancer 2016:4897515. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4897515

  20. Johnson D, Walker C (1999) Cyclins and cell cycle checkpoints. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 39(1):295–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nobori T (1994) Deletions of the cyclin-dependent kinase-4 inhibitor gene in multiple human cancers. Trends Genet 10(7):228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Helgadottir H, Höiom V, Jönsson G, Tuominen R, Ingvar C, Borg Å, Olsson H, Hansson J (2014) High risk of tobacco-related cancers in CDKN2A mutation-positive melanoma families. J Med Genet 51(8):545–552

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Caldas C, Hahn SA, da Costa LT, Redston MS, Schutte M, Seymour AB, Weinstein CL, Hruban RH, Yeo CJ, Kern SE (1994) Frequent somatic mutations and homozygous deletions of the p16 (MTS1) gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Nat Genet 8(1):27–32

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Griffith TS, Brunner T, Fletcher SM, Green DR, Ferguson TA (1995) Fas ligand-induced apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege. Science 270(5239):1189–1192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Thompson CB (1995) Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. Science 267(5203):1456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhu Z, Zhang D, Lee H, Menon AA, Wu J, Hu K, Jin Y (2017) Macrophage-derived apoptotic bodies promote the proliferation of the recipient cells via shuttling microRNA-221/222. J Leukoc Biol 101(6):1349–1359. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.3A1116-483R

  27. Zhang H, Xu Q, Krajewski S, Krajewska M, Xie Z, Fuess S, Kitada S, Pawłowski K, Godzik A, Reed JC (2000) BAR: an apoptosis regulator at the intersection of caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci 97(6):2597–2602

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Yip K, Reed J (2008) Bcl-2 family proteins and cancer. Oncogene 27(50):6398–6406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Khanna K, Wie T, Song Q, Burrows S, Moss D, Krajewski S, Reed J, Lavin M (1996) Expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, bcl-x2 and c-myc in radiation-induced apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Cell Death Differ 3(3):315–322

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Krajewska M, Krajewski S, Epstein JI, Shabaik A, Sauvageot J, Song K, Kitada S, Reed JC (1996) Immunohistochemical analysis of bcl-2, bax, bcl-X, and mcl-1 expression in prostate cancers. Am J Pathol 148(5):1567

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Tron V, Krajewski S, Klein-Parker H, Li G, Ho V, Reed J (1995) Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 protein regulation in cutaneous melanoma. Am J Pathol 146(3):643

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Tsujimoto Y, Cossman J, Jaffe E, Croce CM (1985) Involvement of the bcl-2 gene in human follicular lymphoma. Science 228(4706):1440–1443

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Yip KW, Shi W, Pintilie M, Martin JD, Mocanu JD, Wong D, MacMillan C, Gullane P, O'Sullivan B, Bastianutto C (2006) Prognostic significance of the Epstein-Barr virus, p53, Bcl-2, and survivin in nasopharyngeal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 12(19):5726–5732

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhu Z, Davidson KT, Brittingham A, Wakefield MR, Bai Q, Xiao H, Fang Y (2016) Trichomonas vaginalis: a possible foe to prostate cancer. Med Oncol 33(10):115

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from Des Moines University for Yujiang Fang, MD. PhD. (IOER 05-14-01 and IOER 112-3749). Andrew C. Schroeder, B. S. was supported by Mentored Research Program from Des Moines University (IOER 112-3113).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yujiang Fang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Schroeder, A.C., Xiao, H., Zhu, Z. et al. A Potential Role for Green Tea as a Radiation Sensitizer for Prostate Cancer. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 25, 263–268 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-017-0358-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-017-0358-4

Keywords

Navigation