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Expression of proteinase-activated receptor 1-4 (PAR 1-4) in human cancer

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Abstract

Proteinase activated receptors (PAR 1-4) are membrane receptors with a unique way of activation by proteinases like thrombin, trypsin and matrix metalloproteinases which lead to a specific cellular response. To evaluate the significance of expression and co-expression of PAR in cancer we performed a survey on published data. A Pubmed literature search on “PAR, thrombin, cancer” was performed and 46 publications were selected for systematic review based on the availability of information on tumor type, material type, detection method and specification of positive cases. PAR-1 was found in 77.3% of malignant samples (n = 678), PAR-2 in 79.5% (n = 592), PAR-3 in 12.6% (n = 87) and PAR-4 in 54.9% (n = 153). PAR-1 and -2 were present in adenocarcinomas, melanomas, osteosarcomas, glioblastomas, meningiomas, leukaemias and squamous cell carcinomas. Presence of PAR-3 was limited to kidney and liver cancer. The data on PAR-4 expression was inconclusive. Those studies analysing PAR-1 and PAR-2 reported coexpression of the two receptors. PAR-1 and -2 are widely expressed in human tumors suggesting an important role in tumorigenesis and providing potential targets for therapy. PAR-3 and PAR-4 are less frequently detectable, their expression and potential role in tumorigenesis require further investigation.

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Abbreviations

PAR:

Proteinase activated receptor

Ca:

Cancer

BPH:

Benign prostate hyperplasia

PCR:

Polymerase Chain Reaction

rRT–PCR:

Relative RT–PCR

ISH:

In-Situ Hybridization

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

WB:

Western Blot

NB:

Northern Blot

FC:

Fluorescence cytographie

FACS:

Fluorescence activated cell sorting

IB:

Immunblot

RPA:

Ribonuclease protection assay

PT:

Primary tumors

Met:

Metastasis

PC:

Primary tumor cell cultures

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

ADC:

Adenocarcinoma

IDC:

Invasive ductal carcinoma

BCC:

Basal cell carcinoma

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Roland Kaufmann for critical reading of the manuscript and helpful suggestions.

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  1. Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07740, Jena, Germany

    Andrea Pia Elste & Iver Petersen

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  1. Andrea Pia Elste
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  2. Iver Petersen
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Correspondence to Iver Petersen.

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Elste, A.P., Petersen, I. Expression of proteinase-activated receptor 1-4 (PAR 1-4) in human cancer. J Mol Hist 41, 89–99 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-010-9274-6

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