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Evaluation of risk factors predictive of nausea and vomiting with current standard-of-care antiemetic treatment: analysis of two phase III trials of aprepitant in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy

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Abstract

Goals of work

Certain patient and treatment characteristics are predictive of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Objectives of this analysis were: (1) confirm the importance of several previously reported adverse risk factors for CINV in patients receiving chemotherapy, (2) assess the impact of the NK1 receptor antagonist aprepitant according to these risk factors, and (3) assess the impact of age on antiemetic outcome.

Patients and methods

Patients from two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were randomized to an active-control group (ondansetron 32 mg IV, dexamethasone 20 mg PO day 1; dexamethasone 8 mg bid days 2–4) or an aprepitant group (aprepitant 125 mg PO, ondansetron 32 mg IV, dexamethasone 12 mg day 1; aprepitant 80 mg days 2–3; dexamethasone 8 mg qd days 2–4). The primary endpoint was complete response (no emesis or rescue therapy use). In a post-hoc analysis, multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of treatment with aprepitant and previously reported risk factors, using a modified intent-to-treat approach.

Main results

Treatment with aprepitant (p < 0.0001), male gender (p = 0.023), cisplatin dose <80 mg/m2 (p = 0.001), age ≥65 years (p = 0.021), and five or more alcoholic drinks per week (p = 0.027) were all significantly associated with improved complete response. Aprepitant improved complete response regardless of risk for all factors and neutralized the risk associated with female gender.

Conclusions

This analysis confirmed the relevance of several previously reported risk factors for CINV in patients receiving chemotherapy. Aprepitant improved complete response regardless of risk and eliminated the increased risk of CINV associated with the female gender.

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Disclosures

Paul Hesketh is a consultant and has received research funding from Merck & Co. and GlaxoSmithKline, and has received honoraria from Merck & Co.

Matti Aapro is a consultant and has received research funding and honoraria from Merck & Co.

James Street is a paid consultant to Merck & Co.

Alexandra Carides is an employee of Merck Research Labs.

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Correspondence to Paul J. Hesketh.

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Hesketh, P.J., Aapro, M., Street, J.C. et al. Evaluation of risk factors predictive of nausea and vomiting with current standard-of-care antiemetic treatment: analysis of two phase III trials of aprepitant in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 18, 1171–1177 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-009-0737-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-009-0737-9

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