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Computed tomography in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

  • Gastrointestinal
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Abstract.

The aim of this study was to define the imaging characteristics of primary and recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in computed tomography with respect to the tumor size. Computed tomography was performed in 35 patients with histologically confirmed gastrointestinal stromal tumors and analyzed retrospectively by two experienced and independent radiologist. The following morphologic tumor characteristics of primary (n=20) and (n=16) recurrent tumors were evaluated according to tumor size, shape, homogeneity, density compared with liver, contrast enhancement, presence of calcifications, ulcerations, fistula or distant metastases and the anatomical relationship to the intestinal wall, and the infiltration of adjacent visceral organs. Small GIST (<5 cm) showed a sharp tumor margin with homogeneous density and structure on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced images, and were characterized by an intraluminal tumor growth. Intermediate sized GIST (>5–10 cm) demonstrated an irregular shape, inhomogeneous density on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced images, a combined intra- and extraluminal tumor growth with aggressive findings, and infiltration of adjacent organs in 9 primary diagnosed and 2 recurrent tumors. Large GIST (>10 cm), which were observed in 8 primary tumors and 11 recurrent tumors, showed an irregular margin with inhomogeneous density and aggressive findings, and were characterized by signs of malignancy such as distant and peritoneal metastases. Small recurrent tumors had a similar appearance as compared with large primary tumors. Computed tomography gives additional information with respect to the relationship of gastrointestinal stromal tumor to the gastrointestinal wall and surrounding organs, and it detects distant metastasis. Primary and recurrent GIST demonstrate characteristic CT imaging features which are related to tumor size. Aggressive findings and signs of malignancy are found in larger tumors and in recurrent disease. Computed tomography is useful in detection and characterization of primary and recurrent tumors with regard to tumor growth pattern, tumor size, and varied appearances of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and indirectly gives hints regarding dignity and therefore prognostic outcome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 , Freiburg, Germany

    Nadir Ghanem, Carsten Altehoefer, Jan Winterer, Oliver Schäfer, Oliver Springer, Elmar Kotter & Mathias Langer

  2. Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 , Freiburg, Germany

    Alex Furtwängler

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  1. Nadir Ghanem
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  2. Carsten Altehoefer
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  3. Alex Furtwängler
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  4. Jan Winterer
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Correspondence to Nadir Ghanem.

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Ghanem, N., Altehoefer, C., Furtwängler, A. et al. Computed tomography in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Eur Radiol 13, 1669–1678 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-002-1803-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-002-1803-6

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