Skip to main content
Log in

Gastrointestinale Tumoren

Neue N-Klassifikation der UICC

Gastrointestinal tumors

New N classification of the UICC

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Chirurg Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Entfernung und Untersuchung regionärer Lymphknoten bei der operativen Behandlung von gastrointestinalen Tumoren spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Planung einer eventuellen adjuvanten Therapie. Sowohl die Anzahl der regionären Lymphknotenmetastasen als auch die Zahl der entfernten und untersuchten Lymphknoten ist für die Abschätzung der Prognose von Bedeutung. Für die Klassifikationen der regionären Lymphknoten ist es wichtig, sich darüber im Klaren zu sein, welche Lymphknoten laut Definition der UICC-TNM-Klassifikation mit eingeschlossen werden sollen, welche Definitionen für die einzelnen N-Kategorien gelten und welche Empfehlungen für eine Mindestzahl von zu untersuchenden Lymphknoten bei den jeweiligen Tumorentitäten bestehen.

Abstract

Removal and examination of regional lymph nodes play an important role in the surgical therapy of gastrointestinal tumors concerning potential adjuvant treatment strategies. The number of metastatic regional lymph nodes as well as the number of removed and examined lymph nodes are of importance regarding estimation of the prognosis. It is essential to consider which lymph nodes are defined as regional in the UICC TNM classification and which definitions apply for the individual N categories. Furthermore, it is necessary to define which recommendations are valid for the minimum numbers of lymph nodes to be removed and examined for particular tumor entities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  1. Bembenek A, Gretschel S, Schlag PM (2007) Sentinel lymph node biopsy for gastrointestinal cancers. J Surg Oncol 96:342–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Chang GJ, Rodriguez-Bigas M, Skibber T et al (2007) Lymph node evaluation and survival after curative resection of colon cancer: systematic review. J Natl Cancer Inst 99:433–441

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cheong O, Oh ST, Kim BS et al (2008) Large metastatic lymph node size, especially more than 2 cm: independent predictor of poor prognosis in node-positive gastric carcinoma. World J Surg 32:262–266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Choi SB, Kim KS, Choi JY et al (2009) The prognosis and survival outcome of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma following surgical resection: Association of lymph node metastasis and lymph node dissection with survival. Ann Surg Oncol 16:3048–3056

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Hughes R, Treacy A, Gulmann C (2009) Correspondence: The search for lymph nodes; does a second search influence the staging and/or management in mesorectal cancer excisions? Histopathology 54:768–770

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) (1998) Japanese Classification of Gastric Cancer. 2nd Eng. edn. Gastric Cancer 1:10–24

    Google Scholar 

  7. Le Voyer TE, Sigurdson ER, Hanlon AL et al (2003) Colon cancer survival is associated with increasing number of lymph nodes analyzed: A secondary survey of Intergroup Trial INT-0089. J Clin Oncol 21:2912–2919

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mekenkamp LJ, van Krieken JH, Marijnen CA, for the Pathology Review Committee and the Co-operative Clinical Investigators (2009) Lymph node retrieval in rectal cancer is dependent on many factors – the role of the tumor, the patient, the surgeon, the radiotherapist, and the pathologist. Am J Surg Pathol 33:1547–1553

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Morgan MJ, Koorey DJ, Painter D et al (2002) Histological tumor response to preoperative combined modality therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 4:177–183

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Morris EJ, Maughan NJ, Forman D et al (2007) Identifying stage III colorectal cancer patients: The influence of the patient, surgeon, and pathologist. J Clin Oncol 25:2573–2579

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Nagtegaal ID, Quirke P (2008) What is the role for the circumferential margin in the modern treatment of rectal cancer? J Clin Oncol 26:303–312

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Perez RO, Habr-Gama A, Nishida Arazawa ST et al (2005) Lymph node micrometastasis in stage II distal rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Int J Colorectal Dis 20:434–439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Peyre CG, Hagen JA, DeMeester SR et al (2008) Predicting systemic disease in patients with esophageal cancer after esophagectomy: A multinational study on the significance of the number of involved lymph nodes. Ann Surg 248:979–985

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Prall F, Wöhlke M, Klautke G et al (2006) Tumour regression and mesorectal lymph node changes after intensified neoadjuvant chemoradiation for carcinoma of the rectum. APMIS 114:201–210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Puppa G, Maisonneuve P, Sonzogni A et al (2007) Pathological assessment of pericolonic tumor deposits in advanced colonic carcinoma: relevance to prognosis and tumor staging. Mod Pathol 20:843–855

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sasaki E, Nagino M, Ebata T et al (2006) Immunohistochemically demonstrated lymph node micrometastasis and prognosis in patients with gallbladder carcinoma. Ann Surg 244:99–105

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sierzega M, Nowak K, Kulig J et al (2009) Lymph node involvement in ampullary cancer: the importance of the number, ratio, and location of metastatic nodes. J Surg Oncol 100:19–24

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Stojadinovic A, Nissan A, Protic M et al (2007) Prospective randomized study comparing sentinel lymph node evaluation with standard pathologic evaluation for the staging of colon carcinoma: results from the United States Military Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Group Study GI-01. Ann Surg 245:846–857

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sun HC, Zhuang PY, Qin LX et al (2007) Incidence and prognostic values of lymph node metastasis in operable hepatocellular carcinoma and evaluation of routine complete lymphadenectomy. J Surg Oncol 96:37–45

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Swanson RS, Compton CC, Stewart AK et al (2003) The prognosis of T3N0 colon cancer is dependent on the number of lymph nodes examined. Ann Surg Oncol 10:65–71

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Tamandl D, Kaczirek K, Gruenberger B et al (2009) Lymph node ratio after curative surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg 96:919–925

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Tepper JE, O’Connell MJ, Niedzwiecki D et al (2001) Impact of number of nodes retrieved on outcome in patients with rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 19:157–163

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Thompson SK, Ruszkiewicz AR, Jamieson GG et al (2008) Improving the accuracy of TNM staging in esophageal cancer: a pathological review of resected specimens. Ann Surg Oncol 15:3447–3458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. UICC (1997) TNM Classification of malignant tumours. In: Sobin LH, Wittekind CH (eds) 5th edn. Wiley & Sons, New York [Deutsche Übersetzung: TNM-Klassifikation maligner Tumoren. In: Wittekind CH, Wagner G (Hrsg) 5. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York]

  25. UICC (2002) TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. In: Sobin LH, Wittekind CH (eds) 6th edn. Wiley & Sons, New York [Deutsche Übersetzung: TNM-Klassifikation maligner Tumoren. In: Wittekind CH, Meyer HJ, Bootz F (Hrsg) 6. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York]

  26. UICC (2009) TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. In: Sobin LH, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind CH (eds) 7th edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford [Deutsche Übersetzung: TNM-Klassifikation maligner Tumoren. In: Wittekind CH, Meyer HJ (Hrsg). 7. Aufl. Wiley-Blackwell, Weinheim]

  27. UICC (2003) TNM Supplement. A commentary on uniform use. In: Wittekind CH, Greene FL, Henson DE (eds) 3rd edn. Wiley & Sons, New York

  28. Valentini V, Coco C, Picciocchi A et al (2002) Does downstaging predict improved outcome after preoperative chemoradiation for extraperitoneal locally advanced rectal cancer? A long-term analysis of 165 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53:664–674

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Wilson BA, Rosato EL, Chojnacki KA et al (2008) Prognostic significance of lymph node metastases and ratio in esophageal cancer. J Surg Res 146:11–15

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Keine Angaben.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Wittekind.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wittekind, C., Oberschmid, B. Gastrointestinale Tumoren. Chirurg 81, 95–102 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-009-1811-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-009-1811-z

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation