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Regulation of VEGF/VPF expression in tumor cells: Consequences for tumor growth and metastasis

  • Tumor Angiogenesis
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Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) is a multifunctional cytokine which potently stimulates angiogenesis in vivo. VEGF/VPF expression is elevated in pathological conditions including cancer, proliferative retinopathy, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. The angiogenesis associated with human tumors is likely a central component in promoting tumor growth and metastatic potential. The regulation of VEGF/VPF expression during tumor progression may involve diverse mechanisms including activated oncogenes, mutant or deleted tumor suppressor genes, cytokine activation, hormonal modulators, and a particularly effective activator, hypoxia. Understanding the diverse mechanisms by which tumor cells overexpress VEGF/VPF, and which mechanisms are operating in specific tumor types is important for the design of effective anti-cancer therapies.

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Abbreviations

bFGF:

basic fibroblast growth factor

EC:

endothelial cell

EGF:

epidermal growth factor

flk-1:

fetal liver kinase-1

flt-1:

fms-like tyrosine kinase-1

HIF:

hypoxia inducible factor

KDR:

kinase domain receptor

PDGF:

platelet-derived growth factor

PMA:

phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

TGF-β:

transforming growth factor-beta

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

VPF:

vascular permeability factor

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Claffey, K.P., Robinson, G.S. Regulation of VEGF/VPF expression in tumor cells: Consequences for tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Metast Rev 15, 165–176 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00437469

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