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Evolving Mechanistic Insights into Galectin Functions

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Book cover Galectins

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1207))

Abstract

Galectins are an evolutionarily ancient family of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and are found in all animals. Although they were discovered over 30 years ago, ideas about their biological functions continue to evolve. Current evidence indicates that galectins, which are the only known GBPs that occur free in the cytoplasm and extracellularly, are involved in a variety of intracellular and extracellular pathways contributing to homeostasis, cellular turnover, cell adhesion, and immunity. Here we review evolving insights into galectin biology from a historical perspective and explore current evidence regarding biological roles of galectins.

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Abbreviations

APC:

Antigen presenting cell

DC:

Dendritic cell

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

εBP:

Epsilon binding protein

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

Gal-1:

Galectin-1

Gal-2:

Galectin-2

Gal-3:

Galectin-3

Gal-4:

Galectin-4

Gal-7:

Galectin-7

Gal-8:

Galectin-8

Gal-9:

Galectin-9

Gal-10:

Galectin-10

Gal-12:

Galectin-12

GBP:

Glycan binding protein

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

IgE:

Immunoglobulin E

IL-10:

Interleukin-10

IL-5:

Interleukin-5

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

KO:

Knockout

LacNAc:

N-acetyllactosamine

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MOG:

Myelin oligodendrocyte protein

NK cell:

Natural Killer Cell

NKT cell:

Natural Killer T cell

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PLC-γ:

Phospholipase C-gamma

polyLacNAc:

Poly-N-acetyllactosamine

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

TCR:

T cell receptor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

TH1:

T helper cells type 1

TH2:

T helper cells type 2

TNF:

Tumor necrosis actor

Tregs:

Regulatory T cells

vWF:

von Willebrand Factor

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by grants from the National Blood Foundation, American Society of Hematology and Hemophilia of Georgia to S.R.S.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Connie M. Arthur

  2. Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil

    Marcelo Dias Baruffi

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Richard D. Cummings

  4. Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 7307 WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Sean R. Stowell

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  1. Connie M. Arthur
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  2. Marcelo Dias Baruffi
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  3. Richard D. Cummings
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  4. Sean R. Stowell
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Correspondence to Sean R. Stowell .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Sean R. Stowell

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Georgia, USA

    Richard D. Cummings

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Arthur, C.M., Baruffi, M.D., Cummings, R.D., Stowell, S.R. (2015). Evolving Mechanistic Insights into Galectin Functions. In: Stowell, S., Cummings, R. (eds) Galectins. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1207. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1396-1_1

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