<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GHONEUM, MAMDOOH</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SETO, YOSHIKAZU</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGRAWAL, SUDHANSHU</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells &lt;em&gt;In Vitro&lt;/em&gt; by Thymax, a Gross Thymic Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anticancer Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009-11-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4367-4371</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Background: We have recently demonstrated that Thymax, a gross thymic extract, induces an apoptotic effect against human breast cancer cells. In this study, the ability of Thymax to activate human dendritic cells (DCs) and the DC-directed T-cell response was examined in an in vitro culture model of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Materials and Methods: The level of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86) and T-cell proliferation were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion was measured by ELISA. Results: Thymax activated DCs to secrete interleukin (IL)-12p40 and IL-6 cytokines and inhibited IL-10 production. Additionally, Thymax caused the up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 in DCs, leading to an increase in CD4+ T-cells, which subsequently induced secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Conclusion: Taken together, the data showed that Thymax activated DCs and, consequently, Th1 cells. Thus, Thymax is an immune-activating compound that needs to be evaluated extensively for its possible therapeutic properties.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>