<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHUA, MEI-SZE</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BERNSTEIN, LAWRENCE R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LI, RUI</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SO, SAMUEL K.S.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallium Maltolate is a Promising Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anticancer Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006-05-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1739-1743</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3A</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly lethal cancer with few treatment options. Since gallium is known to accumulate specifically in HCC tumors but not in non-tumor liver, we investigated two gallium compounds, gallium nitrate (GaN) and gallium maltolate (GaM), as potential new agents for treating HCC. Materials and Methods: The anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities of GaN and GaM were assessed in vitro using four HCC cell lines. HCC gene expression data was analyzed to provide a mechanistic rationale for using gallium in the treatment of HCC. Results: Both compounds showed dose-dependent antiproliferative activity in all four HCC cell lines after 6-day drug exposure (IC50 values range from 60-250 μM for gallium nitrate and 25-35 μM for gallium maltolate). Gallium maltolate at 30 μM additionally induced apoptosis after 6 days. HCC gene expression data showed significantly elevated expression of the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, which is a target for the antiproliferative activity of gallium. Conclusion: These data support clinical testing of gallium maltolate, an orally active compound, in the treatment of HCC.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>