RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 GastroPanel® Biomarker Assay: The Most Comprehensive Test for <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> Infection and Its Clinical Sequelae. A Critical Review
JF Anticancer Research
JO Anticancer Res
FD International Institute of Anticancer Research
SP 1091
OP 1104
DO 10.21873/anticanres.13218
VO 39
IS 3
A1 KARI SYRJÄNEN
A1 MATTI ESKELINEN
A1 ANTS PEETSALU
A1 TOOMAS SILLAKIVI
A1 PENTTI SIPPONEN
A1 MATTI HÄRKÖNEN
A1 LEA PALOHEIMO
A1 MINNA MÄKI
A1 TAPANI TIUSANEN
A1 OSMO SUOVANIEMI
A1 FRANCESCO DiMARIO
A1 ZHU PING FAN
YR 2019
UL http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/39/3/1091.abstract
AB Background/Aim: Several clinical conditions seriously hamper the diagnostic accuracy of the commonly used tests for Helicobacter pylori (Hp), 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and stool antigen test (SAT). The present communication is a critical review of the potential limitations of UBT and SAT, and describes the approach on how these can be avoided. Drawbacks of the Hp tests: False-negative results are most often due to low bacterial load in the stomach due to: i) use of proton pump inhibitor medication; ii) use of antibiotics; iii) presence of atrophic gastritis and hypoacid stomach; iv); bleeding peptic ulcer; v) gastric cancer (GC) and vi) mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma. The UBT also gives false-positive results when urease-producing bacterial species, other than Hp colonize an acid-free stomach. Importantly, neither UBT nor SAT are capable of diagnosing atrophic gastritis, thus missing the patients at highest risk for GC. GastroPanel® (Biohit Oyj, Finland) circumvents these shortcomings with a serological test consisting of a panel of stomach-specific biomarkers: pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17 and Hp antibodies. GastroPanel® is a tool for non-invasive examination of i) dyspeptic patients for exclusion or diagnosis of Hp or atrophic gastritis, also disclosing the status of gastric acid output; ii) for screening of asymptomatic individuals at risk of GC; and iii) for comprehensive diagnosis of Hp infection. GastroSoft® application integrates the biomarker profile with the patient's medical information, accurately classifying the biomarker profiles into eight diagnostic categories. Conclusion: Given that Hp is the single most important risk factor of GC, the non-invasive diagnosis and screening of Hp should be based on more accurate and more comprehensive testing than UBT or SAT alone. The GastroPanel® is such test, being completely devoid of the known serious shortcomings of UBT and SAT.