RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Effect of Chloroquine on Doxorubicin-induced Apoptosis in A549 Cells JF Anticancer Research JO Anticancer Res FD International Institute of Anticancer Research SP 4025 OP 4035 DO 10.21873/anticanres.15899 VO 42 IS 8 A1 KEISUKE SATO A1 NATSUKI OTA A1 SHOYA ENDO A1 AKIFUMI NAKATA A1 HIROSHI YAMASHITA A1 RYOSUKE TATSUNAMI YR 2022 UL http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/42/8/4025.abstract AB Background/Aim: We investigated the effects of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Materials and Methods: A549 cells were treated with doxorubicin, chloroquine, or both. Then, cytotoxicity was measured. The expression levels of caspases and mitogen-activated protein kinases were also quantified. In addition, the levels of doxorubicin-derived reactive oxygen species were measured. Results: Chloroquine enhanced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress and suppressed the doxorubicin-induced extracellular-signal-regulated kinase activation. Conclusion: Chloroquine enhances doxorubicin-induced and oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. This mechanism may involve the dephosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases.