TY - JOUR T1 - Bilateral Lung Transplant for Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis With Undetected Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report JF - Anticancer Research JO - Anticancer Res SP - 1157 LP - 1160 DO - 10.21873/anticanres.15580 VL - 42 IS - 2 AU - UZAIR M. JOGIAT AU - QUINCY S. CHU AU - JAYAN NAGENDRAN AU - BRYCE LAING AU - ALIM HIRJI AU - BENJAMIN A. ADAM Y1 - 2022/02/01 UR - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/42/2/1157.abstract N2 - Background: Lung transplant has become a curative therapy for various forms of progressive lung disease refractory to medical management. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare condition characterized by accumulation of activated fibroblasts and secretion of extracellular matrices within the lung parenchyma. End-stage IPF is a fatal condition, with limited medical therapies other than lung transplantation. IPF has been demonstrated as a known risk factor for the development of lung cancer, and current lung transplant standards define history of malignancy within the past five years as an absolute exclusion criterion. Case Report: We present the case of a patient with biopsy-confirmed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with bilateral lung transplant, discovered to have stage four lung adenocarcinoma in the explanted lungs. The patient subsequently received pseudoadjuvant chemotherapy and remained recurrence-free until 23 months post-transplant. Conclusion: This case highlights the challenge of ruling out malignancy in patients with end-stage lung disease. There remains a paucity of clinical studies on lung transplantation for lung cancer and more evidence is required before supporting this clinical decision. ER -