RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Bilateral Lung Transplant for Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis With Undetected Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report JF Anticancer Research JO Anticancer Res FD International Institute of Anticancer Research SP 1157 OP 1160 DO 10.21873/anticanres.15580 VO 42 IS 2 A1 UZAIR M. JOGIAT A1 QUINCY S. CHU A1 JAYAN NAGENDRAN A1 BRYCE LAING A1 ALIM HIRJI A1 BENJAMIN A. ADAM YR 2022 UL http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/42/2/1157.abstract AB Background: Lung transplant has become a curative therapy for various forms of progressive lung disease refractory to medical management. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare condition characterized by accumulation of activated fibroblasts and secretion of extracellular matrices within the lung parenchyma. End-stage IPF is a fatal condition, with limited medical therapies other than lung transplantation. IPF has been demonstrated as a known risk factor for the development of lung cancer, and current lung transplant standards define history of malignancy within the past five years as an absolute exclusion criterion. Case Report: We present the case of a patient with biopsy-confirmed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with bilateral lung transplant, discovered to have stage four lung adenocarcinoma in the explanted lungs. The patient subsequently received pseudoadjuvant chemotherapy and remained recurrence-free until 23 months post-transplant. Conclusion: This case highlights the challenge of ruling out malignancy in patients with end-stage lung disease. There remains a paucity of clinical studies on lung transplantation for lung cancer and more evidence is required before supporting this clinical decision.