PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - TOMOTAKE KOIZUMI
AU  - TAKESHI AOKI
AU  - TOSHIKO YAMOCHI
AU  - YOSHIHIKO TASHIRO
AU  - TATSUYA YAMAZAKI
AU  - TOMOKAZU KUSANO
AU  - KAZUHIRO MATSUDA
AU  - YUSUKE WADA
AU  - HIDEKI SHIBATA
AU  - KAZUHIKO SAITO
AU  - KOJI NOGAKI
AU  - TOMOKI HAKOZAKI
AU  - KODAI TOMIOKA
AU  - TAKAHITO HIRAI
AU  - AKIRA FUJIMORI
AU  - DOAA A. MANSOUR
AU  - AHMED ELEWA ABBAS GAHIN
AU  - ROBERT M. HOFFMAN
TI  - Determinative Structural Features Identified With Probe-based Confocal Endomicroscopy for the Accurate Diagnosis of Gallbladder Malignancy
AID  - 10.21873/anticanres.15458
DP  - 2022 Jan 01
TA  - Anticancer Research
PG  - 67--73
VI  - 42
IP  - 1
4099  - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/42/1/67.short
4100  - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/42/1/67.full
SO  - Anticancer Res2022 Jan 01; 42
AB  - Background: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) can visualize microscopic structures at high resolution but has not yet yielded definitive diagnostic features of gallbladder malignancy, as opposed to benign changes. Patients and Methods: A total of 73 patients had their gallbladder evaluated with pCLE performed on resected benign and malignant gallbladder surgical specimens, which were sprayed with fluorescein. Malignant and benign features of pCLE findings were identified on the basis of Miami and Paris Classifications. Standard histopathological diagnoses and individual patient pCLE findings of gallbladder lesions were correlated. Results: Of the 73 consecutive patients that had their gallbladder evaluated ex vivo with pCLE, 11 were identified with gallbladder malignancy. pCLE identified features of gallbladders examined ex vivo, including the presence of thick dark bands and dark clumps, which together correlated with histopathologically-determined biliary malignancy at 100% sensitivity. Thick white bands and visualized epithelium, also identified with pCLE, together correlated with histopathologically-determined malignancy at 100% specificity. Conclusion: pCLE can be used for real-time differentiation of cancerous/non-cancerous regions in the gallbladder using the diagnostic criteria identified in the present study.