RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor as a Therapeutic Choice for Double Cancer: A Case Series JF Anticancer Research JO Anticancer Res FD International Institute of Anticancer Research SP 6225 OP 6230 DO 10.21873/anticanres.15442 VO 41 IS 12 A1 HIROSHI AOKI A1 NAOKI MATSUMOTO A1 HIROSHI TAKAHASHI A1 MASAYUKI HONDA A1 TOMOHIRO KANEKO A1 SHUHEI ARIMA A1 TOMOTAKA ISHII A1 TAKU MIZUTANI A1 RYOTA MASUZAKI A1 KAZUSHIGE NIREI A1 HIROAKI YAMAGAMI A1 MASAHIRO OGAWA A1 TATSUO KANDA A1 MITSUHIKO MORIYAMA A1 KATSUHIRO MIURA YR 2021 UL http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/41/12/6225.abstract AB Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occasionally presents with simultaneous or metachronous primary malignancies of other organs. Despite the limited scope of cytocidal anticancer drugs or molecular targeted agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can still be used for various malignancies. Here, we present cases of double cancers including HCC treated with ICIs. Case Report: Case 1: A 70-year-old man with lung cancer and 80-mm HCC underwent nivolumab therapy. The sizes of both cancers remained constant for nine months. Case 2: A 58-year-old man with pharyngeal cancer and HCC. Nivolumab was administered, but was withdrawn after one session because of progressive disease. Case 3: A 71-year-old man with a 5 cm HCC invading the inferior vena cava, and early esophageal cancer. HCC showed a significant volume reduction and esophageal cancer demonstrated slight improvement by atezolizumab and bevacizumab therapy. Conclusion: A combination therapy including ICI is a promising treatment option for HCC with concurrent malignancies.