TY - JOUR T1 - Osteosarcoma Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Models Used to Identify Novel and Effective Therapeutics: A Review JF - Anticancer Research JO - Anticancer Res SP - 5865 LP - 5871 DO - 10.21873/anticanres.15406 VL - 41 IS - 12 AU - TAKASHI HIGUCHI AU - KENTARO IGARASHI AU - NORIO YAMAMOTO AU - KATSUHIRO HAYASHI AU - HIROAKI KIMURA AU - SHINJI MIWA AU - MICHAEL BOUVET AU - HIROYUKI TSUCHIYA AU - ROBERT M. HOFFMAN Y1 - 2021/12/01 UR - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/41/12/5865.abstract N2 - Background/Aim: Recurrent osteosarcoma is recalcitrant with poor response rates to first-line chemotherapy due to heterogeneity and metastatic potential. This disease requires novel drug discovery and precision treatment. Materials and Methods: The osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model mimics the clinical disease and has identified effective clinically-approved drugs and experimental agents, especially drug combinations, that hold much clinical promise. Results: Effective treatment for drug-resistant osteosarcoma includes regorafenib, as monotherapy, and temozolomide-irinotecan, trabectedin-irinotecan, sorafenib-everolimus, sorafenib-palbociclib, and olaratumab-doxorubicin-cisplatinum, as combinations. Conclusion: The PDOX model can be used to improve the outcome of osteosarcoma patients, including individualized, precision therapy. ER -