PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - KAZUYUKI HAMADA AU - KIYOSHI YOSHIMURA AU - YUYA HIRASAWA AU - MASAHIRO HOSONUMA AU - MASAKAZU MURAYAMA AU - YOICHIRO NARIKAWA AU - HIROTSUGU ARIIZUMI AU - RYOTARO OHKUMA AU - MIDORI SHIDA AU - YUTARO KUBOTA AU - SATOSHI MATSUKUMA AU - TOMOYUKI ISHIGURO AU - TAKEHIKO SAMBE AU - ATSUSHI HORIIKE AU - ATSUO KURAMASU AU - SATOSHI WADA AU - JUNJI TSURUTANI AU - EISUKE INOUE AU - NAOKI UCHIDA AU - YUJI KIUCHI AU - SHINICHI KOBAYASHI AU - ROBERT M. HOFFMAN AU - TAKUYA TSUNODA TI - Antibiotic Usage Reduced Overall Survival by over 70% in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients on Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy AID - 10.21873/anticanres.15312 DP - 2021 Oct 01 TA - Anticancer Research PG - 4985--4993 VI - 41 IP - 10 4099 - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/41/10/4985.short 4100 - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/41/10/4985.full SO - Anticancer Res2021 Oct 01; 41 AB - Background/Aim: There is an increasing use of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The present study analysed the effect of antibiotic use on the outcome of NSCLC patients undergoing treatment with anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 69 NSCLC patients. Eighteen out of 69 patients received antibiotics within 21 days before or within 21 days after start of anti-PD-1 therapy. Results: Patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies receiving antibiotics had greatly decreased objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those who did not use antibiotics. Multivariate analysis showed that antibiotic treatment of patients on anti-PD-1 antibody therapy was an independent negative predictive factor of PFS; however, it was not a significant independent predictive factor of OS. Conclusion: Use of antibiotics within 21 days before and after anti-PD-1 treatment initiation in patients with NSCLC strongly reduced OS and PFS, suggesting the two treatments should not be combined.