<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOLFF, JOHANNES E.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anemia in Placebo Arms of Cancer Studies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anticancer Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021-09-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4543-4548</style></pages><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.21873/anticanres.15266</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Background/Aim: Adverse event (AE) frequencies observed in interventional clinical trials are difficult to interpret when the placebo control is missing. Materials and Methods: Systematic literature review of AEs reported from the placebo arms of randomized cancer trials between 2008 and 2021. Imputation of missing values assuming normal distribution of hemoglobin values. Results: Anemia grade 1 or higher was reported in 46 of 100 placebo monotherapy cohorts with a mean frequency of 23.4% (SD=27%) of the enrolled patients. The reported frequency depended on the type of cancer; other demographic variables had no significant influence on anemia frequency. Conclusion: External controls for anemia in clinical trials should be disease specific.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>