TY - JOUR T1 - Stage-specific Embryogenic Antigen-4 Expression in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer and its Correlation With the Androgen Receptor JF - Anticancer Research JO - Anticancer Res SP - 3327 LP - 3335 DO - 10.21873/anticanres.15120 VL - 41 IS - 7 AU - JUNKI HARADA AU - YASUYOSHI MIYATA AU - TAKENOBU TAIMA AU - TSUYOSHI MATSUDA AU - YUTA MUKAE AU - KENSUKE MITSUNARI AU - TOMOHIRO MATSUO AU - KOJIRO OHBA AU - TETSUJI SUDA AU - HIDEKI SAKAI AU - AKIHIRO ITO AU - SEIICHI SAITO Y1 - 2021/07/01 UR - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/41/7/3327.abstract N2 - Background/Aim: Stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-4 plays important roles in the malignant aggressiveness of various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathological characteristics of SSEA-4 in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Materials and Methods: SSEA-4 expression and its pathological roles were evaluated in five prostate cancer (PC) cell lines and 27 CRPC tissues. The relationship between SSEA-4 and the androgen receptor (AR) was also examined. Results: SSEA-4 expression was detected in AR-negative cells (PC3, DU145, and AICaP1) but was not detected in AR-positive cells (LNCaP and AICaP2). SSEA-4 expression in human CRPC tissues was significantly higher than that in locally advanced or metastatic hormone sensitive PC (HSPC) tissues. A negative correlation was also detected between SSEA-4 and AR in CRPC tissues but not in HSPC tissues. Conclusion: SSEA-4 was over-expressed in CRPC and the changes were mediated by complex mechanisms that related to the AR and hormonal therapy. ER -