PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - DEEKSHA SARMA AU - RAHUL KARNA AU - ADEEL NASRULLAH AU - QIUHONG ZHANG AU - ANAM JAVED AU - OBAID ASHRAF AU - HAMMAD ARSHAD TI - Primary Esophageal Small Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Young Patient AID - 10.21873/anticanres.15084 DP - 2021 Jun 01 TA - Anticancer Research PG - 3023--3027 VI - 41 IP - 6 4099 - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/41/6/3023.short 4100 - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/41/6/3023.full SO - Anticancer Res2021 Jun 01; 41 AB - Background/Aim: Small cell cancer of the esophagus (SCCE) is an extremely rare entity with an aggressive clinical course, thus early diagnosis and treatment are important for improved survival. Case Report: A 35-year-old male presented with dysphagia, loss of appetite and weight loss. Diagnostic workup revealed an esophageal mass, which was diagnosed as primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) on initial biopsy. Despite receiving rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy for 3 months, there was an interval increase in the size of the esophagus mass, which unveiled underlying SCCE. A re-review of the previous biopsy specimen with immunohistochemical staining confirmed the initial diagnosis as SCCE as well. Despite 4 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the malignancy progressed and proved fatal. Conclusion: SCCE and non-Hodgkin lymphomas are rare entities, whose morphologies can be diagnostically challenging, hence they require special immunostaining for accurate diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment can confer better quality of life and survival.