TY - JOUR T1 - Pathological Fracture of the Tibia as a First Sign of Hyperparathyroidism – A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Current Literature JF - Anticancer Research JO - Anticancer Res SP - 3083 LP - 3089 DO - 10.21873/anticanres.15092 VL - 41 IS - 6 AU - ALEXANDER KEILER AU - DIETMAR DAMMERER AU - MICHAEL LIEBENSTEINER AU - KATJA SCHMITZ AU - PETER KAISER AU - ALEXANDER WURM Y1 - 2021/06/01 UR - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/41/6/3083.abstract N2 - Background/Aim: Pathological fractures are rare, suspicious and in some cases mentioned as the first sign of a malignant tumor. We present an uncommon case with a pathological fracture of the tibia diaphysis as the first sign of severe hyperparathyroidism. Case Report: We report the case of a female patient who was referred to the emergency department with a history of progressively worsening pain in the lower left leg and an inability to fully bear weight. No history of trauma or any other injury was reported. An x-ray revealed an extensive osteolytic lesion in the tibial shaft with cortical bone destruction. Conclusion: Our case, together with very few cases described in the current literature, emphasizes that in the presence of hypercalcemia and lytic lesions primary hyperparathyroidism should always be considered as a differential diagnosis. Lytic bone lesions can lead to pathological fractures and severe impairment of quality of life. ER -