PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - SE YOUNG HAN AU - BALKRISHNA N. JAHAGIRDAR AU - ARKADIUSZ Z. DUDEK TI - Two Malignancies With Differential Responses to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Report AID - 10.21873/anticanres.14255 DP - 2020 May 01 TA - Anticancer Research PG - 2821--2826 VI - 40 IP - 5 4099 - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/40/5/2821.short 4100 - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/40/5/2821.full SO - Anticancer Res2020 May 01; 40 AB - Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have changed the management of cancer dramatically. However, not all patients respond to ICI and their use places patients at a significant risk of immune-related adverse reactions. A few biomarkers including programmed death-1 receptor/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1), micro-satellite instability (MSI) status, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) have gained popularity as surrogates to predict responsiveness to ICI. Case Report: Herein, we report a 61-year-old male who was diagnosed with widespread metastatic adenocarcinoma and a discrete renal lesion. Most of the metastatic lesions, except the left kidney mass, responded to a combination immunotherapy. Subsequent left nephrectomy revealed a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. With this multimodality approach, we were able to achieve a durable near complete remission in a patient with diffuse metastatic disease at diagnosis. Conclusion: In this report, we explored possible commercially available and experimental biomarkers in an attempt to explain his exceptional response.