TY - JOUR T1 - Evodiamine Suppresses Survival, Proliferation, Migration and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells JF - Anticancer Research JO - Anticancer Res SP - 6339 LP - 6352 DO - 10.21873/anticanres.12992 VL - 38 IS - 11 AU - SI HYOUNG KIM AU - JUN GOO KANG AU - CHUL SIK KIM AU - SUNG-HEE IHM AU - MOON GI CHOI AU - SEONG JIN LEE Y1 - 2018/11/01 UR - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/38/11/6339.abstract N2 - Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of evodiamine alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents on thyroid carcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: TPC-1 and SW1736 thyroid carcinoma cells were used. Cell viability, cytotoxic activity, apoptosis and migration were examined by applying appropriate methods. Drug combination analysis was performed. Results: Evodiamine treatment of cells decreased cell viability, and Bcl2 and phospho-AKT protein levels. Cytotoxic activity and the percentage of apoptotic cells increased. After co-treatment of wortmannin, cell viability, and phospho-AKT and Bcl2 protein levels decreased, and cytotoxic activity increased. In transforming growth factor-β-treated cells, evodiamine attenuated variations in morphology, growth and migration, and increased p21 and p53 protein levels, and decreased β-catenin, N-cadherin, vimentin, phospho-AKT, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein levels. When cells were treated with both evodiamine and chemotherapeutic agents, all combination index values were lower than 1.0. Conclusion: Evodiamine was cytotoxic towards thyroid carcinoma cells, and repression of AKT reinforced evodiamine-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, evodiamine ameliorated proliferation, migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and synergized with chemotherapeutic agents. ER -