RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The Past, Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
JF Anticancer Research
JO Anticancer Res
FD International Institute of Anticancer Research
SP 2683
OP 2687
DO 10.21873/anticanres.13393
VO 39
IS 6
A1 CHANG, ALEXANDER J.
A1 ZHAO, LEI
A1 ZHU, ZIWEN
A1 BOULANGER, KYLE
A1 XIAO, HUAPING
A1 WAKEFIELD, MARK R.
A1 BAI, QIAN
A1 FANG, YUJIANG
YR 2019
UL http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/39/6/2683.abstract
AB The treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has evolved tremendously over the past decades. Localized disease is often curative with surgical resection of the malignancy. However, in cases where the primary tumor has metastasized, immunotherapy is becoming a more prevalent means to combat metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Cytokine and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy have been demonstrated to stimulate the immune response through a number of different mechanisms. These drugs have been used as a monotherapy, combination therapy, or as successive treatments to systemic therapies. This review summarizes the success of previous and current therapeutic targets, while also leading to the direction of future therapies. This review might be helpful in improving the management of mRCC.